How earth rotates

 Earth rotation 

The rotation of the Earth on its axis causes day and night. As the Earth rotates, only one-half of the Earth faces the sun at any given time. The half facing the sun is light (day) and the half facing away from the sun is dark (night). The animation below shows the Earth's rotation.

Earth rotates eastward, in prograde motion. As viewed from the northern polar star Polaris, Earth turns counterclockwise. The North Pole, also known as the Geographic North Pole or Terrestrial North Pole, is the point in the Northern Hemisphere where Earth's axis of rotation meets its surface.The Earth rotates on its axis relative to the Sun every 24.0 hours mean solar time, with an inclination of 23.45 degrees from the plane of its orbit around the Sun. Mean solar time represents an average of the variations caused by Earth's non-circular orbit. Its rotation relative to "fixed" stars (sidereal time) is 3 minutes 56.55 seconds shorter than the mean solar day, the equivalent of one solar day per year.

How Fast Does the Earth Spin?

Earth revolves around the Sun at a rate of about 67,000 miles per hour (107,000 km/hr or nearly 30 km/s). At the same time, Earth rotates around its axis at about 1,000 miles per hour (460 m/s or 1,600 km/hr). However, this speed varies because different points on Earth cover various distances within 24 hours. Some regions must travel faster than others. The equator, for example, has a circumference of about 24,901 miles (40,075 km), which needs to be covered in one day. On the other hand, a point at the North Pole simply spins in its place and can be considered nearly at rest.

Examples of the Different Speeds of Rotation

As mentioned, the speed of rotation at different latitudes varies. The circumference decreases as one moves north or south from the equator, causing the speed to decrease until it reaches the poles. The speed of 1,038 mi/hr (1,670 km/hr) at the equator decreases by the cosine of the latitude. This rule applies in calculating the speed of rotation at any latitude. For example, using this rule in finding the speed of Earth's rotation at 45 degrees latitude:

The Earth rotates on its axis once every 23 hours and 56 minutes. So does that mean that all places on Earth experience 12 hours of light and 12 hours of dark each day? If you think about it, you know that that is not true. During certain times of the year we have more hours of daylight than at other times. Why is this? The answer is that the Earth's axis is not at a right angle with the sun. It is tilted slightly at an angle of 23.5°. The diagram below shows Earth's tilt in relation to the sun.


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